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		<title>Chicago Okulu : Dünyanın İlk Gökdelenleri</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jan 2018 14:32:34 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Chicago Okulu (Chicago School), Chicago şehrinde ortaya çıkan, 20. yüzyılın başlarından ortalarına kadar süren ve günümüz mimarisine yön vermiş bir mimari akım. 20. yüzyılın başlarında bir mimari okul etrafında toplanan bir grup mimar, büyük bir yangın sonucunda yerle bir olmuş Chicago şehrini yeniden inşa etmişlerdir. Dövme ve dökme çeliğin mimaride ilk olarak kullanıldığı Chicago Okulu’nun [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/">Chicago Okulu : Dünyanın İlk Gökdelenleri</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.arkitektuel.com">Arkitektuel</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="7000" data-permalink="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/chicago_skyline_viewed_from_john_hancock_center/" data-orig-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,689" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Chicago Okulu" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;Chicago Okulu&lt;/p&gt;
" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;2012 Chicago /&lt;br /&gt;
 ©Wikimedia Commons&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center-300x202.jpg" data-large-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center-640x431.jpg" class="size-large wp-image-7000 aligncenter" src="http://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center-640x431.jpg" alt="Chicago Okulu" width="640" height="431" srcset="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center-640x431.jpg 640w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center-300x202.jpg 300w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center-768x517.jpg 768w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center-740x498.jpg 740w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center-120x81.jpg 120w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Chicago_skyline_viewed_from_John_Hancock_Center.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></p>
<p>Chicago Okulu (Chicago School), Chicago şehrinde ortaya çıkan, 20. yüzyılın başlarından ortalarına kadar süren ve günümüz mimarisine yön vermiş bir mimari akım. 20. yüzyılın başlarında bir mimari okul etrafında toplanan bir grup mimar, büyük bir yangın sonucunda yerle bir olmuş Chicago şehrini yeniden inşa etmişlerdir. Dövme ve dökme çeliğin mimaride ilk olarak kullanıldığı Chicago Okulu’nun teknolojik ve ticari açıdan mimarlık tarihindeki yeri çok büyüktür.</p>
<p><strong>Büyük Chicago Yangını</strong></p>
<p>8 Ekim 1871 yılında, Patrick ve Catherine O’Leary’ye ait bir ahırda bir yangın çıktı. Chicago şehrinin güneybatı kısmında çıkan bu yangın, 24 saatten kısa bir süre içinde şehrin merkezine kadar yayıldı. Chicago’nun büyük bir kısmını harap eden yangın sonucunda 300 kişi hayatını yitirdi ve şehrin üçte biri evsiz kaldı.</p>
<div id="attachment_6997" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6997" data-attachment-id="6997" data-permalink="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/1024px-attributed_to_george_n-_barnard_-_untitled_chicago_after_the_chicago_fire_-_google_art_project/" data-orig-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,158" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Chicago Okulu" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;Chicago Okulu &amp;#8211; Büyük Chicago Yangını&lt;/p&gt;
" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Yangından sonra Chicago / ©Wikimedia Commons&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project-300x46.jpg" data-large-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project-640x99.jpg" class="size-large wp-image-6997" src="http://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project-640x99.jpg" alt="Chicago Okulu - Büyük Chicago Yangını" width="640" height="99" srcset="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project-640x99.jpg 640w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project-300x46.jpg 300w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project-768x119.jpg 768w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project-740x114.jpg 740w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project-120x19.jpg 120w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1024px-Attributed_to_George_N._Barnard_-_Untitled_28Chicago_after_the_Chicago_Fire29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><p id="caption-attachment-6997" class="wp-caption-text">Yangından sonra Chicago / ©Wikimedia Commons</p></div>
<p>Yangın, çıktıktan bir gün sonra yağan yağmur ile sönse de, arkasında harap olmuş 17,500 bina bıraktı. O dönemde Chicago’da evlerde genelde tek bir kat yangına dayanıklı malzemeler kullanılıyordu. Bu yangına dayanımlı katmanın arkasında da binaları taşıyan ahşap iskelet bulunuyordu.</p>
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<p>Büyük Chicago Yangını, şehrin ticaret merkezini tamamen yok etti. Şehrin tarım ve hayvancılık için kullanılan güney kısmı ise zarar görmedi. Şikago’da 19.yy’da hayvancılık oldukça gelişmişti. Bu nedenle şehrin rıhtımının, hayvancılık yapılan çiftliklerin, değirmenlerin ve tarım alanlarının yangından zarar görmemiş oluşu, şehrin ekonomik faaliyetlerine devam edebilmesini sağladı. Chicago şehrinin yenilenmesi bu alanlardan gelen paralar ile finanse edildi.</p>
<div id="attachment_7005" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7005" data-attachment-id="7005" data-permalink="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/screen_20shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010-54/" data-orig-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54.jpg" data-orig-size="1000,629" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Chicago Okulu" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;Chicago Okulu &amp;#8211; Büyük Chicago Yangını&lt;/p&gt;
" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Yangının etkilediği alanlar /  ©Wikimedia Commons&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54-300x189.jpg" data-large-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54-640x403.jpg" class="size-large wp-image-7005" src="http://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54-640x403.jpg" alt="Chicago Okulu - Büyük Chicago Yangını" width="640" height="403" srcset="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54-640x403.jpg 640w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54-300x189.jpg 300w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54-768x483.jpg 768w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54-740x465.jpg 740w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54-120x75.jpg 120w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Screen_20Shot_202015-10-08_20at_2010.54.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><p id="caption-attachment-7005" class="wp-caption-text">Yangının etkilediği alanlar / ©Wikimedia Commons</p></div>
<p>Ayrıca, şehre ulaşımın sağlandığı demiryolları da yangından zarar görmeden kurtuldu. Böylece yangından sonra şehre diğer eyalet ve ülkelerden gelen yardımlar ulaşabildi. Ayrıca Chicago demiryollarının Amerika’nın pek çok şehriyle bağlantılı olması, Chicago’yu ülkenin en önemli ticari merkezlerinden biri yapıyordu.</p>
<div id="attachment_6999" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6999" data-attachment-id="6999" data-permalink="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/124311-131-74c50ba9/" data-orig-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9.jpg" data-orig-size="900,675" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Chicago Okulu" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;Chicago Okulu &amp;#8211; Büyük Chicago Yangını&lt;/p&gt;
" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Büyük Chicago Yangını /&lt;br /&gt;
 ©Brittanica&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9-300x225.jpg" data-large-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9-640x480.jpg" class="size-large wp-image-6999" src="http://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9-640x480.jpg" alt="Chicago Okulu - Büyük Chicago Yangını" width="640" height="480" srcset="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9-640x480.jpg 640w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9-740x555.jpg 740w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9-120x90.jpg 120w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/124311-131-74C50BA9.jpg 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><p id="caption-attachment-6999" class="wp-caption-text">Büyük Chicago Yangını / ©Brittanica</p></div>
<p>Yangından kısa bir süre sonra Chicago şehrinin yeniden yapılanma çalışmaları başladı. Bir grup mimar ve mühendis bir araya gelerek şehri yeniden planladılar. Yangından sonra yeni bir yönetmelik çıkarıldı. Bu yönetmeliğe, inşa edilecek yeni binalarda tuğla, doğal taş, mermer ve kireçtaşı gibi yangına dayanıklı malzemeler kullanılma şartı getirildi. Ahşap yapılar yerini yığma yapılara bırakıyordu.</p>
<p><strong>Chicago Okulu</strong></p>
<p>Chicago Okulu terimi, 1880 ve 1890 arasında yapılan yeni binalar için kullanılan bir terim. Ancak bazı mimar ve eleştirmenler, Chicago’da bu dönemde yapılan binaların tek bir tarzdan ibaret olmadığını, bu nedenle bu döneme ticari tarz anlamına gelen <em>Commercial Style</em> denmesinin daha doğru olduğunu söylemiş.</p>
<div id="attachment_6998" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6998" data-attachment-id="6998" data-permalink="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/1871_chicago_view_before_the_great_conflagration/" data-orig-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration.jpg" data-orig-size="1024,730" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Chicago Okulu" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;Chicago Okulu &amp;#8211; Büyük Chicago Yangını&lt;/p&gt;
" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;1871 Chicago  /&lt;br /&gt;
 ©Wikimedia Commons&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration-300x214.jpg" data-large-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration-640x456.jpg" class="size-large wp-image-6998" src="http://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration-640x456.jpg" alt="Chicago Okulu - Büyük Chicago Yangını" width="640" height="456" srcset="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration-640x456.jpg 640w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration-300x214.jpg 300w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration-768x548.jpg 768w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration-740x528.jpg 740w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration-120x86.jpg 120w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1871_Chicago_view_before_the_Great_Conflagration.jpg 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><p id="caption-attachment-6998" class="wp-caption-text">1871 Chicago / ©Wikimedia Commons</p></div>
<p>William Le Baron Jenney, Daniel Burnham, John W. Root, Louis Sullivan ve Dankmar Adler bu dönemin öne çıkan mimarlarından. Chicago Okulu binaları, dünyanın ilk gökdelenleri olarak kabul edilir. Chicago Okulu yapılarının bazı tipik özellikleri arasında çelik iskelet taşıyıcı sistem, yığma taş kaplama, geniş cam pencereler ve süsten uzak dış cephe tasarımı sayılabilir. Dünyanın ilk gökdelenleri bu mimari etmenler etrafında şekillenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, Chicago’nun ilk gökdelenlerinde neoklasik mimarinin etkileri de gözükür. Chicago Okulu binalarının pencereleri de kendine özel bir yapıya sahiptir. Binaların pencereleri belli bir grid sisteme sahiptir.</p>
<div id="attachment_7001" style="width: 427px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7001" data-attachment-id="7001" data-permalink="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/home_insurance_building/" data-orig-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Home_Insurance_Building.jpg" data-orig-size="573,880" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Chicago Okulu" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;Chicago Okulu &amp;#8211; Home Insurance Building&lt;/p&gt;
" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Home Insurance Building /&lt;br /&gt;
 ©Wikimedia Commons&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Home_Insurance_Building-195x300.jpg" data-large-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Home_Insurance_Building-417x640.jpg" class="size-large wp-image-7001" src="http://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Home_Insurance_Building-417x640.jpg" alt="Chicago Okulu - Home Insurance Building" width="417" height="640" srcset="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Home_Insurance_Building-417x640.jpg 417w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Home_Insurance_Building-195x300.jpg 195w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Home_Insurance_Building-78x120.jpg 78w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Home_Insurance_Building.jpg 573w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px" /><p id="caption-attachment-7001" class="wp-caption-text">Home Insurance Building /<br />©Wikimedia Commons</p></div>
<p>William Le Baron Jenney’in 1884 yılında tasarladığı <strong>Home Insurance Building</strong>, dünyanın ilk gökdeleni olarak kabul edilir. Bu yapı, taşıyıcı eleman olarak çelik iskeletin kullanıldığı ilk yapıdır. 10 katlı bu gökdelen 55 metre yüksekliğindedir.</p>
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<p>Chicago Okulu binalarında kullanılan en önemli malzemelerden bir tanesi de pişmiş kil bazlı, kahverengimsi kızıl renkli, mat bir seramik olan <strong>terakota</strong>dır. 1874’te çıkan bir başka yangın şehrin yenilenme çalışmalarını durdurmuş ve 800’den fazla binanın yanmasına neden olmuştur. Çıkan bu ikinci yangının ardından, binalarda yanmaz malzemeler kullanılmasının önemi daha da artmıştır. Bu nedenle, yangına dayanıklı ve hafif bir malzeme olan terakota, yeni Chicago Okulu binaları için biçilmez kaftan oluyordu.</p>
<p><strong>İkinci Chicago Okulu</strong></p>
<p>1940’lı yıllarda, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’nin Illinois Institute of Technology’de yaptığı çalışmalar sonucunda İkinci Chicago Okulu akımı ortaya çıktı. İnşaat mühendisi Fazlur Khan’ın gökdelen inşaatındaki yeni çalışmaları inşa edilen gökdelenlere entegre edildi. Fazlur Khan; üç, dört hatta daha fazla iskelet veya perde duvarın köşelerinden bir araya gelerek oluşturdukları 3-boyutlu, tüp benzeri yeni bir strüktürel sistem öneriyordu. Bu sisteme <strong>kafes-tüp sistem</strong> (framed-tube) adı verildi. Böylece rüzgar yükü gibi yatay yükler binanın tamamı tarafından karşılanıyordu. Bu yeni taşıyıcı sistem sayesinde gökdelenlerin içindeki kolon sayısı azaltılabildi. Böylece İkinci Chicago okulu yapılarında daha serbest bir kat planı tasarlanabildi ve geniş açıklıklar daha rahat şekilde geçilebildi.</p>
<div id="attachment_7003" style="width: 508px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7003" data-attachment-id="7003" data-permalink="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/sears_tower_ss/" data-orig-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sears_Tower_ss.jpg" data-orig-size="500,643" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="Chicago Okulu" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;Chicago Okulu &amp;#8211; Willis Kulesi&lt;/p&gt;
" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Willis Kulesi /&lt;br /&gt;
 ©Wikimedia Commons&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sears_Tower_ss-233x300.jpg" data-large-file="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sears_Tower_ss-498x640.jpg" class="size-large wp-image-7003" src="http://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sears_Tower_ss-498x640.jpg" alt="Chicago Okulu - Willis Kulesi" width="498" height="640" srcset="https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sears_Tower_ss-498x640.jpg 498w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sears_Tower_ss-233x300.jpg 233w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sears_Tower_ss-93x120.jpg 93w, https://www.arkitektuel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sears_Tower_ss.jpg 500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px" /><p id="caption-attachment-7003" class="wp-caption-text">Willis Kulesi /<br />©Wikimedia Commons</p></div>
<p>Kafes-tüp sistemin ilk kullanıldığı gökdelen Khan’ın 1963 yılında tasarladığı DeWitt Chestnut Apartman Binası oldu. Fazlur Khan, gökdelenlere kattığı yeni taşıyıcı sistem ile pek çok binanın öncüsü oldu. John Hancock Binası, <a href="http://www.arkitektuel.com/willis-kulesi-sears-kulesi/">Willis Kulesi</a>, <a href="http://www.arkitektuel.com/dunya-ticaret-merkezi-ikiz-kuleler/">Dünya Ticaret Merkezi</a>, Petronas Kuleleri gibi binalarda Khan’ın bulduğu kafes-tüp sistemi kullanıldı.</p>

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" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;2012 Chicago /&lt;br /&gt;
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" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Büyük Chicago Yangını /&lt;br /&gt;
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" data-image-caption="&lt;p&gt;Yangının etkilediği alanlar /  ©Wikimedia Commons&lt;/p&gt;
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.arkitektuel.com/chicago-okulu/">Chicago Okulu : Dünyanın İlk Gökdelenleri</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.arkitektuel.com">Arkitektuel</a>.</p>
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